Florida Building Code / Refrigeration / Hydronic Piping

Refrigeration

SECTION 1101 GENERAL

1101.1 Scope. This chapter shall govern the design, installation, construction and repair of refrigeration systems that vaporize and liquefy a fluid during the refrigerating cycle. Refrigerant piping design and installation, including pressure vessels and pressure relief devices, shall conform to this code. Permanently installed refrigerant storage systems and other components shall be considered as part of the refrigeration system to which they are attached.

1101.2 Factory-built equipment and appliances. Listed and labeled self-contained, factory-built equipment and appliances shall be tested in accordance with UL 207, 412, 471 or 1995. Such equipment and appliances are deemed to meet the design, manufacture and factory test requirements of this code if installed in accordance with their listing and the manufacturer's installation instructions.

1101.3 Protection. Any portion of a refrigeration system that is subject to physical damage shall be protected in an approved manner.

1101.4 Water connection. Water supply and discharge connections associated with refrigeration systems shall be made in accordance with this code and the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

1101.5 Fuel gas connection. Fuel gas devices, equipment and appliances used with refrigeration systems shall be installed in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Fuel Gas.

1101.6 General. Refrigeration systems shall comply with the requirements of this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15. Ammonia-refrigerating systems shall comply with this code and, except as modified by this code, ASHRAE 15 and IIAR 2.

1101.7 Maintenance. Mechanical refrigeration systems shall be maintained in proper operating condition, free from accumulations of oil, dirt, waste, excessive corrosion, other debris and leaks.

1101.8 Change in refrigerant type. The type of refrigerant in refrigeration systems having a refrigerant circuit containing more than 220 pounds of Group A1 or 30 pounds of any other group refrigerant shall not be changed without prior notification to the code official and compliance with the applicable code provisions for the new refrigerant type.

1101.9 Refrigerant discharge. Notification of refrigerant discharge shall be provided in accordance with the Florida Fire Prevention Code. [F]


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SECTION 1102 SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS

1102.1 General. The system classification, allowable refrigerants, maximum quantity, enclosure requirements, location limitations, and field pressure test requirements shall be determined as follows:


1. Determine the refrigeration system's classification, in accordance with Section 1103.3.
2. Determine the refrigerant classification in accordance with Section 1103.1.
3. Determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in accordance with Section 1104, based on type of refrigerant, system classification and occupancy.
4. Determine the system enclosure requirements in accordance with Section 1104.
5. Refrigeration equipment and appliance location and installation shall be subject to the limitations of Chapter 3.
6. Nonfactory-tested, field-erected equipment and appliances shall be pressure tested in accordance with Section 1108.
1102.2 Refrigerants. The refrigerant shall be that which the equipment or appliance was designed to utilize or converted to utilize. Refrigerants not identified in Table 1103.1 shall be approved before use.

1102.2.1 Mixing. Refrigerants, including refrigerant blends, with different designations in ASHRAE 34 shall not be mixed in a system.

Exception: Addition of a second refrigerant is allowed where permitted by the equipment or appliance manufacturer to improve oil return at low temperatures. The refrigerant and amount added shall be in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1102.2.2 Purity. Refrigerants used in refrigeration systems shall be new, recovered or reclaimed refrigerants in accordance with Section 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 or 1102.2.2.3. Where required by the equipment or appliance owner or the code official, the installer shall furnish a signed declaration that the refrigerant used meets the requirements of Section 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 or 1102.2.2.3.

Exception: The refrigerant used shall meet the purity specifications set by the manufacturer of the equipment or appliance in which such refrigerant is used where such specifications are different from that specified in Sections 1102.2.2.1, 1102.2.2.2 and 1102.2.2.3.
1102.2.2.1 New refrigerants. Refrigerants shall be of a purity level specified by the equipment or appliance manufacturer.
1102.2.2.2 Recovered refrigerants. Refrigerants that are recovered from refrigeration and air-conditioning systems shall not be reused in other than the system from which they were recovered and in other systems of the same owner. Recovered refrigerants shall be filtered and dried before reuse. Recovered refrigerants that show clear signs of contamination shall not be reused unless reclaimed in accordance with Section 1102.2.2.3.
1102.2.2.3 Reclaimed refrigerants. Used refrigerants shall not be reused in a different owner's equipment or appliances unless tested and found to meet the purity requirements of ARI 700. Contaminated refrigerants shall not be used unless reclaimed and found to meet the purity requirements of ARI 700.

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SECTION 1103 REFRIGERATION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATION

1103.1 Refrigerant classification. Refrigerants shall be classified in accordance with ASHRAE 34 as listed in Table 1103.1.

TABLE 1103.1 REFRIGERANT CLASSIFICATION, AMOUNT AND TLV-TWA [F]

REFRIGERANT
CHEMICAL
FORMULA
CHEMICAL NAME OR BLEND
HAZARD
CATEGORIESa
REFRIGERANT
CLASSIFICATION
DEGREES
OF HAZARDb
[M] AMOUNT OF REFRIGERANT PER OCCUPIED SPACE
Pounds per 1,000 cubic feet
ppm
g/m3
TLV-TWAf
(ppm)
R-11e
CCl3F
Trichlorofluoromethane
OHH
A1
2-0-0c
0.39
1,100
6.2
C1,000
R-12e
CCl2F2
Dichlorodifluoromethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
5.6
18,000
90
1,000
R-13e
CClF3
Chlorotrifluoromethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
18
67,000
290
1,000
R-13B1e
CBrF3
Bromotrifluoromethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
22
57,000
350
1,000
R-14
CF4
Tetrafluoromethane (carbon tetrafluoride)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
16
69,000
250
1,000
R-22
CHClF2
Chlorodifluoromethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
5.5
25,000
89
1,000
R-23
CHF3
Trifluoromethane (fluoroform)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
7.3
41,000
120
1,000
R-32
CH2F2
Difluoromethane (methylene fluoride)
CG,F,OHH
A2
-
4.2
32,000
68
-
R-113e
CCl2FCClF2
1, 1,2-trichloro-1,2,2-trifluoroethane
OHH
A1
2-0-0c
1.2
2,600
20
1,000
R-114e
CClF2CClF2
1,2-dichloro-1,2,2-tetrafluoroethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
8.7
20,000
140
1,000
R-116
CF3CF3
Hexafluoroethane
CH,OHH
A1
1-0-0
24
69,000
390
-
R-123
CHCl2CF3
2,2-dichloro-1,1,1-trifluoroethane
OHH
B1
2-0-0c
3.5
9,100
57
50
R-124
CHClFCF3
2-chloro-1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
3.5
10,000
56
1,000
R-125
CHF2CF3
Pentafluoroethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
21
69,000
340
-
R-134a
CH2FCF3
1,1,1,2-tetrafluoroethane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
13
50,000
210
1,000
R-143a
CH3CF3
1,1,1-trifluoroethane
CG,F,OHH
A2
2-0-0c
3.8
18,000
60
-
R-152a
CH3CHF2
1,1-difluorethane
CG,F,OHH
A2
1-4-0
1.6
9,300
25
-
R-170
CH3CH3
Ethane
CG,F,OHH
A3
2-4-0
0.54
7,000
8.7
1,000
R-218
CF3CF2CF3
Octafluoropropane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
33
69,000
530
-
R-236fa
CF3CH2CF3
1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropane
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
21
55,000
-
1,000
R-245fa
CHF2CH2CF3
1,1,1,3,3-pentafluoropropane
CG,OHH
B1
2-0-0c
12
34,000
-
300
R-290
CH3CH2CH3
Propane
CG,F,OHH
A3
2-4-0
0.56
5,000
9.0
2,500
R400e
zeotrope
R-12/114
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
9.3
26,000
150
-
R-406A
zeotrope
R-22/600a/142b (55/4/41)
CG,F,OHH
A2
-
-
-
-
-
R-401A
zeotrope
R-22/152a/124 (53/13/34)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
4.8
20,000
77
-
R-401B
zeotrope
R-22/152a/124 (61/11/28)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
4.9
21,000
79
-
R-401C
zeotrope
R-22/152a/124 (33/15/52)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
4.4
17,000
71
-
R-402A
zeotrope
R-125/290/22 (60/2/38)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
10
39,000
160
-
R-402B
zeotrope
R-125/290/22 (38/2/60)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
7.8
32,000
120
-


(continued)


TABLE 1103.1-continued REFRIGERANT CLASSIFICATION, AMOUNT AND TLV-TWA [F]

REFRIGERANT
CHEMICAL
FORMULA
CHEMICAL NAME OR BLEND
HAZARD
CATEGORIESa
REFRIGERANT
CLASSIFICATION
DEGREES OF HAZARDb
[M] AMOUNT OF REFRIGERANT PER OCCUPIED SPACE
Pounds per 1,000 cubic feet
ppm
g/m3
TLV-TWAf
(ppm)
R-403A
zeotrope
R-290/22/218 (5/75/20)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
-
-
-
-
R-403B
zeotrope
R-290/22/218 (5/56/39)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
-
-
-
-
R-404A
zeotrope
R-125/143a/134a (44/52/4)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
17
69,000
280
-
R-407A
zeotrope
R-32/125/134a (20/40/40)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
16
69,000
260
-
R-407B
zeotrope
R-32/125/134a (10/70/20)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
18
69,000
290
-
R-407C
zeotrope
R-32/125/134a (23/25/52)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
15
69,000
240
-
R-407D
zeotrope
R-32/125/134a (15/15/70)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
15
65,000
240
-
R-407E
zeotrope
R-32/125/134a (25/15/60)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
15
69,000
240
-
R-408A
zeotrope
R-125/143a/22 (7/46/47)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
10
47,000
170
-
R-409A
zeotrope
R-22/124/142b (60/25/15)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
4.9
20,000
79
-
R-409B
zeotrope
R-22/124/142b (65/25/10)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
4.9
20,000
78
-
R410A
zeotrope
R-32/125 (50/50)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
10
55,000
160
-
R-410B
zeotrope
R-32/125 (45/55)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
11
58,000
180
-
R-411A
zeotrope
R-127/22/152a (1.5/87.5/11.0)
CG,F,OHH
A2
-
-
-
-
-
R-411B
zeotrope
R-1270/22/152a (3/94/3)
CG,F,OHH
A2
-
-
-
-
-
R-507A
azeotrope
R-125/143a (50/50)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
17
69,000
280
-
R-508A
azeotrope
R-23/116 (39/61)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
14
55,000
220
-
R-508B
azeotrope
R-23/116 (46/54)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
13
52,000
200
-
R-509A
zeotrope
R-22/218 (44/56)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
12
38,000
190
-
R-600
CH3CH2CH2CH3
Butane
CG,F,OHH
A3
1-4-0
-
-
-
-
R-600a
CH(CH3)2-CH3
Isobutane (2-methyl propane)
CG,F,OHH
A3
2-4-0
0.51
2,500
6.0
800


(continued)


TABLE 1103.1-continued REFRIGERANT CLASSIFICATION, AMOUNT AND TLV-TWA [F]

REFRIGERANT
CHEMICAL FORMULA
CHEMICAL NAME OR BLEND
HAZARD CATEGORIESa
REFRIGERANT CLASSIFICATION
DEGREES
OF HAZARDb
[M] AMOUNT OF REFRIGERANT PER OCCUPIED SPACE
Pounds per1,000 cubic feet
ppm
g/m3
TLV-TWAf
(ppm)
R-412A
zeotrope
R-22/318/142b (70/5/25)
CG,F,OHH
A2
-
-
-
-
-
R-413A
zeotrope
R-218/134a/600a (9/88/3)
CG,F,OHH
A2
-
-
-
-
-
R-414A
zeotrope
R-22/124/600a/142b (51/28.5/4/16.5)
CG,OHH
A1
-
-
-
-
-
R-414B
zeotrope
R-22/124/600a/142b (50/39/1.5/9.5)
CG,OHH
A1
-
-
-
-
-
R-416A
zeotrope
R-134a/124/600 (59/39.5/1.5)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
6
21,000
96
-
R-417A
zeotrope
R-125/134a/600 (45.5/50/3.5)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
-
-
-
-
R-500e
azeotrope
R-12/152a (73.8/26.2)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
7.4
29,000
120
1,000
R-502e
azeotrope
R-22/115 (48.8/51.2)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
10
35,000
160
1,000
R-503e
azeotrope
R-23/13 (40.1/59.9)
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
15
67,000
240
1,000
R-717
NH3
Ammonia
CG,C,F,OHH
B2
3-3-0d
0.022
500
0.35
25
R-718
H2O
Water
-
A1
0-0-0
-
-
-
-
R-744
CO2
Carbon dioxide
CG,OHH
A1
2-0-0c
4.5
40,000
72
5,000
R-1150
CH2=CH2
Ethene (ethylene)
CG,F,OHH
A3
1-4-2
0.38
5,200
6.0
1,000
R-1270
CH3CH=CH2
Propene (propylene)
CG,F,OHH
B3
1-4-1
0.37
3,400
5.0
660


For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg, 1 cubic foot = 0.0283 m3.

a. CG = Compressed gas; C = Corrosive; F = Flammable; OHH = Other Health Hazard.

b. Degrees of hazard are for health, fire, and reactivity, respectively, in accordance with NFPA 704.

c. Reduction to 1-0-0 is allowed if analysis satisfactory to the code official shows that the maximum concentration for a rupture or full loss of refrigerant charge would not exceed the IDLH, considering both the refrigerant quantity and room volume.

d. For installations that are entirely outdoors, use 3-1-0.

e. Class I ozone depleting substance; prohibited for new installations.

f. PEL or consistent occupational exposure limit on a time-weighted average (TWA) basis (unless noted C for ceiling) for an 8 hr/d and 40 hr/wk.


1103.2 Occupancy classification. Locations of refrigerating systems are described by occupancy classifications that consider the ability of people to respond to potential exposure to refrigerants. Where equipment or appliances, other than piping, are located outside a building and within 20 feet (6096 mm) of any building opening, such equipment or appliances shall be governed by the occupancy classification of the building. Occupancy classifications shall be defined as follows:

1. Institutional occupancy is that portion of premises from which, because they are disabled, debilitated or confined, occupants cannot readily leave without the assistance of others. Institutional occupancies include, among others, hospitals, nursing homes, asylums and spaces containing locked cells.
2. Public assembly occupancy is that portion of premises where large numbers of people congregate and from which occupants cannot quickly vacate the space. Public assembly occupancies include, among others, auditoriums, ballrooms, classrooms, passenger depots, restaurants and theaters.
3. Residential occupancy is that portion of premises that provides the occupants with complete independent living facilities, including permanent provisions for living, sleeping, eating, cooking and sanitation. Residential occupancies include, among others, dormitories, hotels, multiunit apartments and private residences.
4. Commercial occupancy is that portion of premises where people transact business, receive personal service or purchase food and other goods. Commercial occupancies include, among others, office and professional buildings, markets (but not large mercantile occupancies) and work or storage areas that do not qualify as industrial occupancies.
5. Large mercantile occupancy is that portion of premises where more than 100 persons congregate on levels above or below street level to purchase personal merchandise.
6. Industrial occupancy is that portion of premises that is not open to the public, where access by authorized persons is controlled, and that is used to manufacture, process or store goods such as chemicals, food, ice, meat or petroleum.
7. Mixed occupancy occurs when two or more occupancies are located within the same building. When each occupancy is isolated from the rest of the building by tight walls, floors and ceilings and by self-closing doors, the requirements for each occupancy shall apply to its portion of the building. When the various occupancies are not so isolated, the occupancy having the most stringent requirements shall be the governing occupancy.
1103.3 System classification. Refrigeration systems shall be classified according to the degree of probability that refrigerant leaked from a failed connection, seal, or component could enter an occupied area. The distinction is based on the basic design or location of the components.

1103.3.1 Low-probability systems. Double-indirect open-spray systems, indirect closed systems and indirect- vented closed systems shall be classified as low-probability systems, provided that all refrigerant-containing piping and fittings are isolated when the quantities in Table 1103.1 are exceeded.
1103.3.2 High-probability systems. Direct systems and indirect open-spray systems shall be classified as high-probability systems.

Exception: An indirect open-spray system shall not be required to be classified as a high-probability system if the pressure of the secondary coolant is at all times (operating and standby) greater than the pressure of the refrigerant.

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SECTION 1104 SYSTEM APPLICATION REQUIREMENTS

1104.1 General. The refrigerant, occupancy and system classification cited in this section shall be determined in accordance with Sections 1103.1, 1103.2 and 1103.3, respectively. For refrigerant blends assigned dual classifications, as formulated and for the worst case of fractionation, the classifications for the worst case of fractionation shall be used.

1104.2 Machinery room. Except as provided in Sections 1104.2.1 and 1104.2.2, all components containing the refrigerant shall be located either outdoors or in a machinery room where the quantity of refrigerant in an independent circuit of a system exceeds the amounts shown in Table 1103.1. For refrigerant blends not listed in Table 1103.1, the same requirement shall apply when the amount for any blend component exceeds that indicated in Table 1103.1 for that component. This requirement shall also apply when the combined amount of the blend components exceeds a limit of 69,100 parts per million (ppm) by volume. Machinery rooms required by this section shall be constructed and maintained in accordance with Section 1105 for Group A1 and B1 refrigerants and in accordance with Sections 1105 and 1106 for Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants.

Exceptions:

1. Machinery rooms are not required for listed equipment and appliances containing not more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant, regardless of the refrigerant's safety classification, where installed in accordance with the equipment's or appliance's listing and the equipment or appliance manufacturer's installation instructions.
2. Piping in conformance with Section 1107 is allowed in other locations to connect components installed in a machinery room with those installed outdoors.
1104.2.1 Institutional occupancies. The amounts shown in Table 1103.1 shall be reduced by 50 percent for all areas of institutional occupancies except kitchens, laboratories, and mortuaries. The total of all Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not exceed 550 pounds (250 kg) in occupied areas or machinery rooms.
1104.2.2 Industrial occupancies and refrigerated rooms. This section applies only to industrial occupancies and refrigerated rooms for manufacturing, food and beverage preparation, meat cutting, other processes and storage. Machinery rooms are not required where all of the following conditions are met:
1. The space containing the machinery is separated from other occupancies by tight construction with tight-fitting doors.
2. Access is restricted to authorized personnel.
3. The floor area per occupant is not less than 100 square feet (9.3 m2) where machinery is located on floor levels with exits more than 6.6 feet (2012 mm) above the ground. Where provided with egress directly to the outdoors or into approved building exits, the minimum floor area shall not apply.
4. Refrigerant detectors are installed as required for machinery rooms in accordance with Section 1105.3.
5. Surfaces having temperatures exceeding 800°F (427°C) and open flames are not present where any Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant is used (see Section 1104.3.4).
6. All electrical equipment and appliances conform to Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of NFPA 70 where the quantity of any Group A2, B2, A3 or B3 refrigerant in a single independent circuit would exceed 25 percent of the lower flammability limit (LFL) upon release to the space.
7. All refrigerant-containing parts in systems exceeding 100 hp (74.6 kW) drive power, except evaporators used for refrigeration or dehumidification; condensers used for heating; control and pressure relief valves for either; and connecting piping, shall be located either outdoors or in a machinery room.
1104.3 Refrigerant restrictions. Refrigerant applications, maximum quantities and use shall be restricted in accordance with Sections 1104.3.1 through 1104.3.4.

1104.3.1 Air-conditioning for human comfort. In other than industrial occupancies where the quantity in a single independent circuit does not exceed the amount in Table 1103.1, Group B1, B2 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used in high-probability systems for air-conditioning for human comfort.
1104.3.2 Nonindustrial occupancies. Group A2 and B2 refrigerants shall not be used in high-probability systems where the quantity of refrigerant in any independent refrigerant circuit exceeds the amount shown in Table 1104.3.2. Group A3 and B3 refrigerants shall not be used except where approved.

Exception: This section does not apply to laboratories where the floor area per occupant is not less than 100 square feet (9.3 m2).

TABLE 1104.3.2 MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE QUANTITIES OF REFRIGERANTS

TYPE OF REFRIGERATION SYSTEM
MAXIMUM POUNDS FOR VARIOUS OCCUPANCIES
Institutional
Assembly
Residential
All other occupancies
Sealed absorption system
In exit access
In adjacent outdoor locations
In other than exit access

0
0
0

0
0
6.6

3.3
22
6.6

3.3
22
6.6
Unit systems
In other than exit access

0

0

6.6

6.6


For SI: 1 pound = 0.454 kg.
1104.3.3 All occupancies. The total of all Group A2, B2, A3 and B3 refrigerants other than R-717, ammonia, shall not exceed 1,100 pounds (499 kg) except where approved.
1104.3.4 Protection from refrigerant decomposition. Where any device having an open flame or surface temperature greater than 800°F (427°C) is used in a room containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of refrigerant in a single independent circuit, a hood and exhaust system shall be provided in accordance with Section 510. Such exhaust system shall exhaust combustion products to the outdoors.

Exception: A hood and exhaust system shall not be required:
1. Where the refrigerant is R-717, R-718, or R-744;
2. Where the combustion air is ducted from the outdoors in a manner that prevents leaked refrigerant from being combusted; or
3. Where a refrigerant detector is used to stop the combustion in the event of a refrigerant leak (see Sections 1105.3 and 1105.5).
1104.4 Volume calculations. Volume calculations shall be in accordance with Sections 1104.4.1 through 1104.4.3.

1104.4.1 Noncommunicating spaces. Where the refrigerant-containing parts of a system are located in one or more spaces that do not communicate through permanent openings or HVAC ducts, the volume of the smallest, enclosed occupied space shall be used to determine the permissible quantity of refrigerant in the system.
1104.4.2 Communicating spaces. Where an evaporator or condenser is located in an air duct system, the volume of the smallest, enclosed occupied space served by the duct system shall be used to determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.

Exception: If airflow to any enclosed space cannot be reduced below one-quarter of its maximum, the entire space served by the air duct system shall be used to determine the maximum allowable quantity of refrigerant in the system.
1104.4.3 Plenums. Where the space above a suspended ceiling is continuous and part of the supply or return air plenum system, this space shall be included in calculating the volume of the enclosed space.

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SECTION 1105 MACHINERY ROOM, GENERAL REQUIREMENTS

1105.1 Design and construction. Machinery rooms shall be designed and constructed in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Building and this section. [B]

1105.2 Openings. Ducts and air handlers in the machinery room that operate at a lower pressure than the room shall be sealed to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the airstream.

1105.3 Refrigerant detector. Refrigerant detectors in machinery rooms shall be provided as required by Section 606.8 of the Florida Fire Prevention Code. [F]

1105.4 Tests. Periodic tests of the mechanical ventilating system shall be performed in accordance with manufacturer's specifications and as required by the code official.

1105.5 Fuel-burning appliances. Fuel-burning appliances and equipment having open flames and that use combustion air from the machinery room shall not be installed in a machinery room.

Exceptions:

1. Where the refrigerant is carbon dioxide or water.
2. Fuel-burning appliances shall not be prohibited in the same machinery room with refrigerant-containing equipment or appliances where combustion air is ducted from outside the machinery room and sealed in such a manner as to prevent any refrigerant leakage from entering the combustion chamber, or where a refrigerant vapor detector is employed to automatically shut off the combustion process in the event of refrigerant leakage.
1105.6 Ventilation. Machinery rooms shall be mechanically ventilated to the outdoors. Mechanical ventilation shall be capable of exhausting the minimum quantity of air both at normal operating and emergency conditions. Multiple fans or multispeed fans shall be allowed in order to produce the emergency ventilation rate and to obtain a reduced airflow for normal ventilation.

Exception: Where a refrigerating system is located outdoors more than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any building opening and is enclosed by a penthouse, lean-to or other open structure, natural or mechanical ventilation shall be provided. Location of the openings shall be based on the relative density of the refrigerant to air. The free-aperture cross section for the ventilation of the machinery room shall be not less than:

F = √G (Equation 11-1)

For SI: F = 0.138 √G

where:

F = The free opening area in square feet (m2).

G = The mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largestsystem, any part of which is located in the machinery room.

1105.6.1 Discharge location. The discharge of the air shall be to the outdoors in accordance with Chapter 5. Exhaust from mechanical ventilation systems shall be discharged not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from a property line or openings into buildings.
1105.6.2 Makeup air. Provisions shall be made for makeup air to replace that being exhausted. Openings for makeup air shall be located to avoid intake of exhaust air. Supply and exhaust ducts to the machinery room shall serve no other area, shall be constructed in accordance with Chapter 5 and shall be covered with corrosion-resistant screen of not less than 1/4-inch (6.4 mm) mesh.
1105.6.3 Quantity-normal ventilation. During occupied conditions, the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust the larger of the following:
1. Not less than 0.5 cfm per square foot (0.0025 m3/s ∙ m2) of machinery room area or 20 cfm (0.009 m3/s) per person; or
2. A volume required to limit the room temperature rise to 18°F (10°C) taking into account the ambient heating effect of all machinery in the room.
1105.6.4 Quantity-emergency conditions. Upon actuation of the refrigerant detector required in Section 1105.3, the mechanical ventilation system shall exhaust air from the machinery room in the following quantity:

Q = 100 × √G (Equation 11-2)

For SI: Q = 0.07 × √G

where:

Q = The airflow in cubic feet per minute (m3/s).

G = The design mass of refrigerant in pounds (kg) in the largest system, any part of which is located in the machinery room.
1105.7 Termination of relief devices. Pressure relief devices, fusible plugs and purge systems located within the machinery room shall terminate outside of the structure at a location not less than 15 feet (4572 mm) above the adjoining grade level and not less than 20 feet (6096 mm) from any window, ventilation opening or exit.

1105.8 Ammonia discharge. Pressure relief valves for ammonia systems shall discharge in accordance with ASHRAE 15.

1105.9 Emergency pressure control system. Refrigeration systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of flammable, toxic or highly toxic refrigerant or ammonia shall be provided with an emergency pressure control system in accordance with the Florida Fire Prevention Code. [F]


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SECTION 1106 MACHINERY ROOM, SPECIAL REQUIREMENTS

1106.1 General. Where required by Section 1104.2, the machinery room shall meet the requirements of this section in addition to the requirements of Section 1105.

1106.2 Elevated temperature. There shall not be an open flame-producing device or continuously operating hot surface over 800°F (427°C) permanently installed in the room.

1106.3 Ammonia room ventilation. Ventilation systems in ammonia machinery rooms shall be operated continuously at the emergency ventilation rate determined in accordance with Section 1105.6.4.

Exceptions:

1. Machinery rooms equipped with a vapor detector that will automatically start the ventilation system at the emergency rate determined in accordance with Section 1105.6.4, and that will actuate an alarm at a detection level not to exceed 1,000 ppm; or
2. Machinery rooms conforming to the Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code, Building.
1106.4 Flammable refrigerants. Where refrigerants of Groups A2, A3, B2 and B3 are used, the machinery room shall conform to the Class 1, Division 2, hazardous location classification requirements of the Chapter 27 of the Florida Building Code, Building.

Exception: Ammonia machinery rooms.

1106.5 Remote controls. Remote control of the mechanical equipment and appliances located in the machinery room shall be provided as required by the Florida Fire Prevention Code. [F]

1106.5.1 Refrigeration system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide off-only control of electrically energized equipment and appliances in the machinery room, other than refrigerant leak detectors and machinery room ventilation. [F]

Exception: In machinery rooms where only nonflammable refrigerants are used, electrical equipment and appliances, other than compressors, are not required to be provided with a cutoff switch.
1106.5.2 Ventilation system. A clearly identified switch of the break-glass type shall provide on-only control of the machinery room ventilation fans. [F]
1106.6 Emergency signs and labels. Refrigeration units and systems shall be provided with approved emergency signs, charts, and labels in accordance with the Florida Fire Prevention Code. [F]


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SECTION 1107 REFRIGERANT PIPING

1107.1 General. All refrigerant piping shall be installed, tested and placed in operation in accordance with this chapter.

1107.2 Pipe enclosures. Rigid or flexible metal enclosures or pipe ducts shall be provided for soft, annealed copper tubing and used for refrigerant piping erected on the premises and containing other than Group A1 or B1 refrigerants. Enclosures shall not be required for connections between condensing units and the nearest riser box(es), provided such connections do not exceed 6 feet (1829 mm) in length.

1107.2.1 Piping installed in or beneath concrete floors shall be encased in pipe duct. Where piping passes through concrete or masonry walls, ceilings, floors or beams, such piping shall be provided with sleeves or thimbles which shall be at least 3/8 inch (9.5 mm) larger than the outside diameter of the piping plus the insulation. All voids between piping and casing shall be adequately enclosed with an approved material.
1107.3 Condensation. All refrigerating piping and fittings, brine piping and fittings that, during normal operation, will reach a surface temperature below the dew point of the surrounding air, and are located in spaces or areas where condensation will cause a safety hazard to the building occupants, structure, electrical equipment or any other equipment or appliances, shall be protected in an approved manner to prevent such damage.

1107.4 Materials for refrigerant pipe and tubing. Piping materials shall be as set forth in Sections 1107.4.1 through 1107.4.5.

1107.4.1 Steel pipe. Carbon steel pipe with a wall thickness not less than Schedule 80 shall be used for Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant liquid lines for sizes 1.5 inches (38 mm) and smaller. Carbon steel pipe with a wall thickness not less than Schedule 40 shall be used for Group A1 or B1 refrigerant liquid lines 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller, Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerant liquid lines sizes 2 inches (51 mm) through 6 inches (152 mm) and all refrigerant suction and discharge lines 6 inches (152 mm) and smaller. Type F steel pipe shall not be used for refrigerant lines having an operating temperature less than -20°F (-29°C).
1107.4.2 Copper and brass pipe. Standard iron-pipe size, copper and red brass (not less than 80-percent copper) pipe shall conform to ASTM B 42 and ASTM B 43.
1107.4.3 Copper tube. Copper tube used for refrigerant piping erected on the premises shall be seamless copper tube of Type ACR (hard or annealed) complying with ASTM B 280. Where approved, copper tube for refrigerant piping erected on the premises shall be seamless copper tube of Type K, L or M (drawn or annealed) in accordance with ASTM B 88. Annealed temper copper tube shall not be used in sizes larger than a 2-inch (51 mm) nominal size. Mechanical joints shall not be used on annealed temper copper tube in sizes larger than 7/8-inch (22.2 mm) OD size.
1107.4.4 Copper tubing joints. Copper tubing joints used in refrigerating systems containing Group A2, A3, B2 or B3 refrigerants shall be brazed. Soldered joints shall not be used in such refrigerating systems.
1107.4.5 Aluminum tube. Type 3003-0 aluminum tubing with high-pressure fittings shall not be used with methyl chloride and other refrigerants known to attack aluminum.
1107.5 Joints and refrigerant-containing parts in air ducts. Joints and all refrigerant-containing parts of a refrigerating system located in an air duct of an air-conditioning system carrying conditioned air to and from human-occupied space shall be constructed to withstand, without leakage, a pressure of 150 percent of the higher of the design pressure or pressure relief device setting.

1107.6 Exposure of refrigerant pipe joints. Refrigerant pipe joints erected on the premises shall be exposed for visual inspection prior to being covered or enclosed.

1107.7 Stop valves. All systems containing more than 6.6 pounds (3 kg) of a refrigerant in systems using positive-displacement compressors shall have stop valves installed as follows:

1. At the inlet of each compressor, compressor unit or condensing unit.
2. At the discharge outlet of each compressor, compressor unit or condensing unit and of each liquid receiver.

Exceptions:
1. Systems that have a refrigerant pumpout function capable of storing the entire refrigerant charge in a receiver or heat exchanger.
2. Systems that are equipped with provisions for pumpout of the refrigerant using either portable or permanently installed recovery equipment.
3. Self-contained systems.
1107.7.1 Liquid receivers. All systems containing 100 pounds (45 kg) or more of a refrigerant, other than systems utilizing nonpositive displacement compressors, shall have stop valves, in addition to those required by Section 1107.7, on each inlet of each liquid receiver. Stop valves shall not be required on the inlet of a receiver in a condensing unit, nor on the inlet of a receiver which is an integral part of the condenser.
1107.7.2 Copper tubing. Stop valves used with soft annealed copper tubing or hard-drawn copper tubing 7/8-inch (22.2 mm) OD standard size or smaller shall be securely mounted, independent of tubing fastenings or supports.
1107.7.3 Identification. Stop valves shall be identified where their intended purpose is not obvious. Numbers shall not be used to label the valves, unless a key to the numbers is located near the valves.

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SECTION 1108 FIELD TEST

1108.1 General. Every refrigerant-containing part of every system that is erected on the premises, except compressors, condensers, vessels, evaporators, safety devices, pressure gauges and control mechanisms that are listed and factory tested, shall be tested and proved tight after complete installation, and before operation. Tests shall include both the high- and low-pressure sides of each system at not less than the lower of the design pressures or the setting of the pressure relief device(s). The design pressures for testing shall be those listed on the condensing unit, compressor or compressor unit name-plate, as required by ASHRAE 15.

Exceptions:

1. Gas bulk storage tanks that are not permanently connected to a refrigeration system.
2. Systems erected on the premises with copper tubing not exceeding 5/8-inch (15.8 mm) OD, with wall thickness as required by ASHRAE 15, shall be tested in accordance with Section 1108.1, or by means of refrigerant charged into the system at the saturated vapor pressure of the refrigerant at 70°F (21°C) or higher.
3. Limited-charge systems equipped with a pressure relief device, erected on the premises, shall be tested at a pressure not less than one and one-half times the pressure setting of the relief device. If the equipment or appliance has been tested by the manufacturer at one and one-half times the design pressure, the test after erection on the premises shall be conducted at the design pressure.
1108.1.1 Booster compressor. Where a compressor is used as a booster to obtain an intermediate pressure and discharges into the suction side of another compressor, the booster compressor shall be considered a part of the low side, provided that it is protected by a pressure relief device.
1108.1.2 Centrifugal/nonpositive displacement compressors. In field-testing systems using centrifugal or other nonpositive displacement compressors, the entire system shall be considered as the low-side pressure for field test purposes.
1108.2 Test gases. Tests shall be performed with an inert dried gas including, but not limited to, nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Oxygen, air, combustible gases and mixtures containing such gases shall not be used.

Exception: The use of air is allowed to test R-717, ammonia, systems provided that they are subsequently evacuated before charging with refrigerant.

1108.3 Test apparatus. The means used to build up the test pressure shall have either a pressure-limiting device or a pressure-reducing device and a gauge on the outlet side.

1108.4 Declaration. A certificate of test shall be provided for all systems containing 55 pounds (25 kg) or more of refrigerant. The certificate shall give the name of the refrigerant and the field test pressure applied to the high side and the low side of the system. The certification of test shall be signed by the installer and shall be made part of the public record.


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SECTION 1109 PERIODIC TESTING [F]

1109.1 Testing required. The following emergency devices and systems shall be periodically tested in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions and as required by the code official:

1. Treatment and flaring systems.
2. Valves and appurtenances necessary to the operation of emergency refrigeration control boxes.
3. Fans and associated equipment intended to operate emergency pure ventilation systems.
4. Detection and alarm systems.

Hydronic Piping

SECTION 1201 GENERAL

1201.1 Scope. The provisions of this chapter shall govern the construction, installation, alteration and repair of hydronic piping systems. This chapter shall apply to hydronic piping systems that are part of heating, ventilation and air-conditioning systems. Such piping systems shall include steam, hot water, chilled water, steam condensate and ground source heat pump loop systems. Potable cold and hot water distribution systems shall be installed in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

1201.2 Pipe sizing. Piping for hydronic systems shall be sized for the demand of the system.


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SECTION 1202 MATERIAL

1202.1 Piping. Piping material shall conform to the standards cited in this section.

Exception: Embedded piping regulated by Section 1209.

1202.2 Used materials. Reused pipe, fittings, valves or other materials shall be clean and free of foreign materials and shall be approved by the code official for reuse.

1202.3 Material rating. Materials shall be rated for the operating temperature and pressure of the hydronic system. Materials shall be suitable for the type of fluid in the hydronic system.

1202.4 Piping materials standards. Hydronic pipe shall conform to the standards listed in Table 1202.4. The exterior of the pipe shall be protected from corrosion and degradation.

TABLE 1202.4 HYDRONIC PIPE

MATERIAL
STANDARD (see Chapter 15)
Acrylonitrile butadiene styrene
(ABS) plastic pipe ASTM D 1527; ASTM D 2282
Brass pipe ASTM B 43
Brass tubing ASTM B 135
Copper or copper-alloy pipe ASTM B 42; ASTM B 302
Copper or copper-alloy tube
(Type K, L or M) ASTM B 75; ASTM B 88;
ASTM B 251
Chlorinated polyvinyl chloride
(CPVC) plastic pipe ASTM D 2846; ASTM F 441;
ASTM F 442
Cross-linked polyethylene/
aluminum/cross-linked
polyethylene (PEX-AL-PEX)
pressure pipe ASTM F 1281;
CSA CAN/CSA-B-137.10
Cross-linked polyethylene
(PEX) tubing ASTM F 876; ASTM F 877


(continued)


TABLE 1202.4-continued HYDRONIC PIPE

MATERIAL
STANDARD (see Chapter 15)
Lead pipe FS WW-P-325B
Polybutylene (PB) plastic pipe
and tubing ASTM D 3309
Polyethylene (PE) pipe, tubing
and fittings (for ground source
heat pump loop systems) ASTM D 2513; ASTM D 3035;
ASTM D 2447; ASTM D 2683;
ASTM F 1055; ASTM D 2837;
ASTM D 3350; ASTM D 1693
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC)
plastic pipe ASTM D 1785; ASTM D 2241
Steel pipe ASTM A 53; ASTM A 106
Steel tubing ASTM A 254


1202.5 Pipe fittings. Hydronic pipe fittings shall be approved for installation with the piping materials to be installed, and shall conform to the respective pipe standards or to the standards listed in Table 1202.5.

TABLE 1202.5 HYDRONIC PIPE FITTINGS

MATERIAL
STANDARD (see Chapter 15)
Brass ASTM F 1974
Bronze ASME B16.24
Copper and copper alloys ASME B16.15; ASME B16.18;
ASME B16.22; ASME B16.23;
ASME B16.26; ASME B16.29
Gray iron ASTM A 126
Malleable iron ASME B16.3
Plastic ASTM D 2466; ASTM D 2467;
ASTM D 2468; ASTM F 438;
ASTM F 439; ASTM F 877
Steel ASME B16.5; ASME B16.9;
ASME B16.11; ASME B16.28;
ASTM A 420


1202.6 Valves. Valves shall be constructed of materials that are compatible with the type of piping material and fluids in the system. Valves shall be rated for the temperatures and pressures of the systems in which the valves are installed.

1202.7 Flexible connectors, expansion and vibration compensators. Flexible connectors, expansion and vibration control devices and fittings shall be of an approved type.


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SECTION 1203 JOINTS AND CONNECTIONS

1203.1 Approval. Joints and connections shall be of an approved type. Joints and connections shall be tight for the pressure of the hydronic system.

1203.1.1 Joints between different piping materials. Joints between different piping materials shall be made with approved adapter fittings. Joints between different metallic piping materials shall be made with approved dielectric fittings or brass converter fittings.
1203.2 Preparation of pipe ends. Pipe shall be cut square, reamed and chamfered, and shall be free of burrs and obstructions. Pipe ends shall have full-bore openings and shall not be undercut.

1203.3 Joint preparation and installation. When required by Sections 1203.4 through 1203.14, the preparation and installation of brazed, mechanical, soldered, solvent-cemented, threaded and welded joints shall comply with Sections 1203.3.1 through 1203.3.7.

1203.3.1 Brazed joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. An approved flux shall be applied where required. The joint shall be brazed with a filler metal conforming to AWS A5.8.
1203.3.2 Mechanical joints. Mechanical joints shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's instructions.
1203.3.3 Soldered joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned. A flux conforming to ASTM B 813 shall be applied. The joint shall be soldered with a solder conforming to ASTM B 32.
1203.3.4 Solvent-cemented joints. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free of moisture. An approved primer shall be applied to CPVC and PVC pipe-joint surfaces. Joints shall be made while the cement is wet. Solvent cement conforming to the following standards shall be applied to all joint surfaces:
1. ASTM D 2235 for ABS joints.
2. ASTM F 493 for CPVC joints.
3. ASTM D 2564 for PVC joints.

CPVC joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 2846.
1203.3.5 Threaded joints. Threads shall conform to ASME B1.20.1. Schedule 80 or heavier plastic pipe shall be threaded with dies specifically designed for plastic pipe. Thread lubricant, pipe-joint compound or tape shall be applied on the male threads only and shall be approved for application on the piping material.
1203.3.6 Welded joints. Joint surfaces shall be cleaned by an approved procedure. Joints shall be welded with an approved filler metal.
1203.3.7 Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints. Grooved and shouldered mechanical joints shall conform to the requirements of ASTM F 1476 and shall be installed in accordance with the manufacturer's installation instructions.
1203.3.8 Mechanically formed tee fittings. Mechanically extracted outlets shall have a height not less than three times the thickness of the branch tube wall.
1203.3.8.1 Full flow assurance. Branch tubes shall not restrict the flow in the run tube. A dimple/depth stop shall be formed in the branch tube to ensure that penetration into the outlet is of the correct depth. For inspection purposes, a second dimple shall be placed 0.25 inch (6.4 mm) above the first dimple. Dimples shall be aligned with the tube run.
1203.3.8.2 Brazed joints. Mechanically formed tee fittings shall be brazed in accordance with Section 1203.3.1.
1203.4 ABS plastic pipe. Joints between ABS plastic pipe or fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.5 Brass pipe. Joints between brass pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical, threaded or welded joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.6 Brass tubing. Joints between brass tubing or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical or soldered joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.7 Copper or copper-alloy pipe. Joints between copper or copper-alloy pipe or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical, soldered, threaded or welded joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.8 Copper or copper-alloy tubing. Joints between copper or copper-alloy tubing or fittings shall be brazed, mechanical or soldered joints conforming to Section 1203.3 or flared joints conforming to Section 1203.8.1.

1203.8.1 Flared joints. Flared joints shall be made by a tool designed for that operation.
1203.9 CPVC plastic pipe. Joints between CPVC plastic pipe or fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.10 Polybutylene plastic pipe and tubing. Joints between polybutylene plastic pipe and tubing or fittings shall be mechanical joints conforming to Section 1203.3 or heat-fusion joints conforming to Section 1203.10.1.

1203.10.1 Heat-fusion joints. Joints shall be of the socket-fusion or butt-fusion type. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free of moisture. Joint surfaces shall be heated to melt temperatures and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Joints shall be made in accordance with ASTM D 3309.
1203.11 Cross-linked polyethylene (PEX) plastic tubing. Joints between cross-linked polyethylene plastic tubing and fittings shall conform to Sections 1203.11.1 and 1203.11.2. Mechanical joints shall conform to Section 1203.3.

1203.11.1 Compression-type fittings. When compression-type fittings include inserts and ferrules or O-rings, the fittings shall be installed without omitting the inserts and ferrules or O-rings.
1203.11.2 Plastic-to-metal connections. Soldering on the metal portion of the system shall be performed at least 18 inches (457 mm) from a plastic-to-metal adapter in the same water line.
1203.12 PVC plastic pipe. Joints between PVC plastic pipe and fittings shall be solvent-cemented or threaded joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.13 Steel pipe. Joints between steel pipe or fittings shall be mechanical joints that are made with an approved elastomeric seal, or shall be threaded or welded joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.14 Steel tubing. Joints between steel tubing or fittings shall be mechanical or welded joints conforming to Section 1203.3.

1203.15 Polyethylene plastic pipe and tubing for ground source heat pump loop systems. Joints between polyethylene plastic pipe and tubing or fittings for ground source heat pump loop systems shall be heat fusion joints conforming to Section 1203.15.1, electrofusion joints conforming to Section 1203.15.2, or stab-type insertion joints conforming to Section 1203.15.3.

1203.15.1 Heat-fusion joints. Joints shall be of the socket-fusion, saddle-fusion or butt-fusion type, fabricated in accordance with the piping manufacturer's instructions. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free of moisture. Joint surfaces shall be heated to melt temperatures and joined. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 2683.
1203.15.2 Electrofusion joints. Joints shall be of the electrofusion type. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free of moisture, and scoured to expose virgin resin. Joint surfaces shall be heated to melt temperatures for the period of time specified by the manufacturer. The joint shall be undisturbed until cool. Fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM F 1055.
1203.15.3 Stab-type insert fittings. Joint surfaces shall be clean and free of moisture. Pipe ends shall be chamfered and inserted into the fittings to full depth. Fittings shall be manufactured in accordance with ASTM D 2513.

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SECTION 1204 PIPE INSULATION

1204.1 Insulation characteristics. Pipe insulation installed in buildings shall conform to the requirements of Chapter 13 of the Florida Building Code, Building, shall be tested in accordance with ASTM E 84, using the specimen preparation and mounting procedures of ASTM E 2231; and shall have a maximum flame spread index of 25 and a smoke-developed index not exceeding 450. Insulation installed in an air plenum shall comply with Section 602.2.1.

Exception: The maximum flame spread index and smoke-developed index shall not apply to one- and two-family dwellings.

1204.2 Required thickness. Hydronic piping shall be insulated to the thickness required by Chapter 13 of the Florida Building Code, Building.


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SECTION 1205 VALVES

1205.1 Where required. Shutoff valves shall be installed in hydronic piping systems in the locations indicated in Sections 1205.1.1 through 1205.1.6.

1205.1.1 Heat exchangers. Shutoff valves shall be installed on the supply and return side of a heat exchanger.

Exception: Shutoff valves shall not be required when heat exchangers are integral with a boiler; or are a component of a manufacturer's boiler and heat exchanger packaged unit and are capable of being isolated from the hydronic system by the supply and return valves required by Section 1005.1.
1205.1.2 Central systems. Shutoff valves shall be installed on the building supply and return of a central utility system.
1205.1.3 Pressure vessels. Shutoff valves shall be installed on the connection to any pressure vessel.
1205.1.4 Pressure-reducing valves. Shutoff valves shall be installed on both sides of a pressure-reducing valve.
1205.1.5 Equipment and appliances. Shutoff valves shall be installed on connections to mechanical equipment and appliances. This requirement does not apply to components of a hydronic system such as pumps, air separators, metering devices and similar equipment.
1205.1.6 Expansion tanks. Shutoff valves shall be installed at connections to nondiaphragm-type expansion tanks.
1205.2 Reduced pressure. A pressure relief valve shall be installed on the low-pressure side of a hydronic piping system that has been reduced in pressure. The relief valve shall be set at the maximum pressure of the system design. The valve shall be installed in accordance with Section 1006.


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SECTION 1206 PIPING INSTALLATION

1206.1 General. Piping, valves, fittings and connections shall be installed in accordance with the conditions of approval.

1206.1.1 Prohibited tee applications. Reserved.
1206.2 System drain down. Hydronic piping systems shall be designed and installed to permit the system to be drained. Where the system drains to the plumbing drainage system, the installation shall conform to the requirements of the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

1206.3 Protection of potable water. The potable water system shall be protected from backflow in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Plumbing.

1206.4 Pipe penetrations. Openings for pipe penetrations in walls, floors or ceilings shall be larger than the penetrating pipe. Openings through concrete or masonry building elements shall be sleeved. The annular space surrounding pipe penetrations shall be protected in accordance with the Florida Building Code, Building.

1206.5 Clearance to combustibles. A pipe in a hydronic piping system in which the exterior temperature exceeds 250°F (121°C) shall have a minimum clearance of 1 inch (25 mm) to combustible materials.

1206.6 Contact with building material. A hydronic piping system shall not be in direct contact with building materials that cause the piping material to degrade or corrode, or that interfere with the operation of the system.

1206.7 Water hammer. The flow velocity of the hydronic piping system shall be controlled to reduce the possibility of water hammer. Where a quick-closing valve creates water hammer, an approved water-hammer arrestor shall be installed. The arrestor shall be located within a range as specified by the manufacturer of the quick-closing valve.

1206.8 Steam piping pitch. Steam piping shall be installed to drain to the boiler or the steam trap. Steam systems shall not have drip pockets that reduce the capacity of the steam piping.

1206.9 Strains and stresses. Piping shall be installed so as to prevent detrimental strains and stresses in the pipe. Provisions shall be made to protect piping from damage resulting from expansion, contraction and structural settlement. Piping shall be installed so as to avoid structural stresses or strains within building components.

1206.9.1 Flood hazard. See Section 301.13.
1206.10 Pipe support. Pipe shall be supported in accordance with Section 305.

1206.11 Condensation. Provisions shall be made to prevent the formation of condensation on the exterior of piping.


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SECTION 1207 TRANSFER FLUID

1207.1 Flash point. The flash point of transfer fluid in a hydronic piping system shall be a minimum of 50°F (28°C) above the maximum system operating temperature.

1207.2 Makeup water. The transfer fluid shall be compatible with the makeup water supplied to the system.


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SECTION 1208 TESTS

1208.1 General. Hydronic piping systems other than ground-source heat pump loop systems shall be tested hydrostatically at one and one half times the maximum system design pressure, but not less than 100 psi (689 kPa). The duration of each test shall be not less than 15 minutes. Ground-source heat pump loop systems shall be tested in accordance with Section 1208.1.1.

1208.1.1 Ground source heat pump loop systems. Before connection (header) trenches are backfilled, the assembled loop system shall be pressure tested with water at 100 psi (689 kPa) for 30 minutes with no observed leaks. Flow and pressure loss testing shall be performed and the actual flow rates and pressure drops shall be compared to the calculated design values. If actual flow rate or pressure drop values differ from calculated design values by more than 10 percent, the problem shall be identified and corrected.

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SECTION 1209 EMBEDDED PIPING

1209.1 Materials. Piping for heating panels shall be standard-weight steel pipe, Type L copper tubing, polybutylene or other approved plastic pipe or tubing rated at 100 psi (689 kPa) at 180°F (82°C).

1209.2 Pressurizing during installation. Piping to be embedded in concrete shall be pressure tested prior to pouring concrete. During pouring, the pipe shall be maintained at the proposed operating pressure.

1209.3 Embedded joints. Joints of pipe or tubing that are embedded in a portion of the building, such as concrete or plaster, shall be in accordance with the requirements of Sections 1209.3.1 through 1209.3.3.

1209.3.1 Steel pipe joints. Steel pipe shall be welded by electrical arc or oxygen/acetylene method.
1209.3.2 Copper tubing joints. Copper tubing shall be joined by brazing with filler metals having a melting point of not less than 1,000°F (538°C).
1209.3.3 Polybutylene joints. Polybutylene pipe and tubing shall be installed in continuous lengths or shall be joined by heat fusion in accordance with Section 1203.10.1.
1209.4 Not embedded related piping. Joints of other piping in cavities or running exposed shall be joined by approved methods in accordance with manufacturer's installation instructions and related sections of this code.